![]() Excessive anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self.Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar.Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped).Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions.Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or "sixth sense" in children and adolescents, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations).Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference).The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV-TR, a widely used manual for diagnosing mental disorders, defines schizotypal personality disorder as "a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior." Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 3 (or more) of the following: 4 Similarities with Schizoid personalities.The most pervasive symptoms do not develop until adulthood, so it is rarely diagnosed in individuals under the age of 18. ![]() This exacerbates the individual's social anxiety, causing them to skew away from society and withdraw into their own world. ![]() The individual may realize that their ideas of reference are irrational, but maintains them nonetheless. This leads to the development of "ideas of reference", in which the schizotypal individual believes that events are of special relevance to them or that benign events are somehow related to them (e.g., sees two people laughing and believes that the people are laughing at them). Eventually, the individual learns (unconsciously) to see people as harmful, and the source of humiliation and ostracization. ![]() As infants, they do not learn how to interact with others, and as children, this inability quickly makes them a target for other children. The schizotypal individual develops a fear of social interaction, because of constant teasing and bullying. Schizotypal personality disorder (StPD), or simply schizotypal disorder, is a cluster A personality disorder that is characterized by a need for social isolation, and illogical behavior and thought patterns, often resulting in false beliefs. ![]()
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